Tuesday, May 8, 2012

Copyright ( hakcipta terpelihara)

Copyright or hakcipta terpelihara?
Yes, I am using bilingual languages today. Why? Because I can understand about copyright more by using Bahasa Malaysia. * easily to explain actually.
And the lesson start here,,,,,,


Apa itu hakcipta terpelihara?
=> Hak istimewa yang diberikan kepada pencipta karya. Karya yang dilindungi secara automatik jika ianya asli, diterbitkan dlm bentuk CD, buku atau filem dan karya itu diterbitkan di Malaysia.

Jenis karya yang mendapat perlindungan?
=> Pelindungan hak cipta adalah karya sastera, muzik,seni,filem, rakaman bunyi, siaran dan karya terbitan.

Kelebihan menjadi pemilik hakcipta?
=> punyai hak istimewa utk mengawal pengeluaran pertunjukkan, tayangan, da pengedaran salinan kepada orang ramai.

Siapakah yang memiliki sesuatu hakcipta?
=> Hakcipta pada mulanya tertakluk kepada pencipta karaya sahaja. Ia boleh dipindah hak milik kepada orang yang menempah karya itu atau majikan kepada  pencipta karya itu. Hakcipta boleh dipindah milik secara penyerahan  wasiat.

*dengan adanya simbol ©diikuti tahun dan nama pencipta, dah memadai tuk katakan hasil tu hasil yang dipelihara.


Next topic is about digital watermark.
For this topic, I have to use English as it easily for me to explain the definition of digital watermark.*bhahahahahaha. (silly laugh) =P

Digital watermark: a subtle alteration of digital content that is not noticable when the work is viewed or playes but that identifies the copyright holder.

For instance:


*look at the [ Do not COPY ] text. The text is known as watermark, to avoid others to copy and use it for their own purpose.

Tuesday, May 1, 2012

HTML

What is HTML?
= HyperText Markup Language
HTML Programming- to tag various part of web documents by displaying document's link.

THE COMPONENT OF HTML?
There are only consist of 3 elements:
-head
-body
-script component

Basic element of HTML
Angle bracket = < > *new tag is being used
Tag names = <p>..</p>
Attributes = <FONT color> * to chane the default value; eg: font colour, italics, etc

I learn this 'script' today.. It is fascinating to know something hidden within the text. well, let take a look what have i learnt.
<html>
<head>
<title>Fifah is the master.</title>
</head>
<body>This is my first homepage.<br>
<p align=center><FONT color=red>Fifah is me.</FONT></p>
</body>
</html>

 i have to say, it is not easy to learn about HTML. You have to memorize every symbol and the format of HTML, or else . . . It won't work.

THE ADVANTAGE?
- you can edit your blog by yourself, independently.
- if something goes wrong, you can always fix it. * as you know the trick of the HTML. ehem ehem
 
So. you can always go to http://www.w3schools.com.

Just now, I learn on how to make frontpage, using Microsoft Frintpage 2003. It is great! I wish I could post what i have learnt, unfortunately, i can't. En Razak taught on how to make your own frontpage, using hyperlink, htm, and etc. 

Tuesday, April 17, 2012

wireless

Nice topic to discuss on, isn't? yeah, i will talk more on this topic of course. ESPECIALLY about wireless in UTM.
WHAT COME INTO UR MIND WHENEVER U HEARD THE WIRELESS TERM?
Yeah, of course we can connect to the internet, without using any wires or cables. Yup, even though ur in a far distance. Wireless communication involves :

  • radio frequency
  • microwave communication
  • infrared (IR) *wow, what do u know..
we can found wireless technology in such devices:
  • computers *portable, dekstop,hand-held,pen-based,
* honestly, I really think there are no longer computers without wireless. if there are, do dare tell me.



=P

LAN Cables

There are 4 types of LAN cable:

  • UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
  • STP- Shielded Twisted Pair
  • Coaxial Cable
  • Fiber Optic Cable
UTP
- it has 4 pairs of wires inside the jacket
- each pair is twisted with a different number of twists per inch to help eliminate interference from adjacent pairs and other electrical devices.

STP
- is type of cable that consist of individual wires wrapped in a foil shielding to help provide a more reliable data communication.

COAXIAL CABLE
- has single copper conductor as its center
- plastic layer provide insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal
- metal helps to block outside interference from fluorescent light, motors and others computers

FIBRE OPTICS
- consists of center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials
- it transmit light rather than electronic signal eliminating the problem of electrical interference.
- able to transmit signals over much longer distance than coaxial and twisted pair.

NETWORK HARDWARE

We are going to touch upon on SWITCH & HUB.
SWITCH & HUB

Both devices contain ports to connect the devices together 
via networking cables and to facilitates communication 
between the devices, but they differ in how they transfer 
data.
SWITCH

  • Switches control the flow of network traffic based on the address information in each packet. 
  • A switch learns which devices are connected to its ports (by monitoring the packets it receives), and then forwards on packets to the appropriate port only. This allows simultaneous communication across the switch, improving bandwidth.
  • it helps to reduce the amount of unnecessary traffic that would have occurred if the same information had been sent from every port (as with a hub).

Switches and hubs are often used in the same network; the hubs extend the network by providing more ports, and the switches divide the network into smaller, less congested sections.
HUB


  • 'Hub’ is sometimes used to refer to any piece of network equipment that connects PCs together, but it actually refers to a multi-port repeater. This type of device simply passes on (repeats) all the information it receives, so that all devices connected to its ports receive that information.
  • Hubs repeat everything they receive and can be used to extend the network. However, this can result in a lot of unnecessary traffic being sent to all devices on the network. 
  • Hubs pass on traffic to the network regardless of the intended destination; the PCs to which the packets are sent use the address information in each packet to work out which packets are meant for them. In a small network repeating is not a problem but for a larger, more heavily used network, another piece of networking equipment (such as a switch) may be required to help reduce the amount of unnecessary traffic being generated.



Computer Networking

Lets learn something called COMPUTER NETWORKING.
It is a basic network of two computers connected by a cable  to allow the exchange of data & share resources (photos,files, etc)


Now lets move on several types of network:
LAN =) Local Area Network - usually for small geographical area )ex: home, school, office)
MAN =) Metropolitan Area Network - used in bigger area, consist of multiple LAN. 
WAN =) Wide Area Network- large area too, consists of two or more LAN connected together  using communications of technology internet is the largest WAN
PAN =) Personal Area Network- smaller compared to others  (ex; printer, mobile devices)


WHAT IS ROUTER?
device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. 



TOPOLOGY

At last, my favourite topic, TOPOLOGY...
here it goes... ehem ehem...

TOPOLOGY IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PART ==> physical topology
                                                                    ==> logical topology
Before we go further, topology is an arrangement or mapping of the element of a network, especially the physical (real) and logical (virtual) interconnections between nodes.

Physical topology :The physical layout of devices on a network or the way that the devices on a network are arranged and how they communicate with each other

 Logical topology :the mapping of the flow of data between the nodes in the network determines the logical topology of the network.


LETS TAKE A LOOK ON MOST COMMON OF PHYSICAL  TOPOLOGY:
LINEAR BUS

  • Linear refers to line and linear bus is a network configuration in which each computer is connected to the text in a straight line.  The straight line also known as backbone cable.
  • The important characteristic of linear bus is it has a beginning and an end. When it reaches the end, it can bounce back (called as signal bounce) interfering with network communications. Thus, terminators are put at the end of the bus.
RING TOPOLOGY


  • In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.
  • To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or TOKEN RING technology. Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.
STAR TOPOLOGY


  • Alternatively referred to as a star network, a star topology is one of the most common network setups where each of the devices and computers on a network connect to a central HUB. A major disadvantage of this network topology is that if the central hub fails, all computers connected to that hub would be disconnected. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.



THESE ARE THE 3 MOST COMMON PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY.. à bientôt 
+.+